Hospitality Management Essay Example for Free

Hospitality Management Essay In general, there are two approaches to research: Qualitative and Quantitative. Qualitative approaches are research that is carried out through interviews and observations. This kind of research enables a researcher to investigate in little more detail on the individual perceptions of a phenomenon. Since the research deals with the personal, therefore, such an investigation is limited in its scope. To be specific, in this paper, we would employ qualitative approaches to research. There are two approaches in qualitative research, interviews and observations, but in this paper we merely consider observations methods. By using this method, we enable a researcher to investigate and find out a phenomenon in much from individual perceptions. Moreover, observation becomes an important technique for collecting data concerning what occurs in a real-life situation. This method also helps us to reach an understanding about the perceptions of those who are being studied, in that situation. To be specific, we employ non-participant observation method especially by analyzing qualitative information from journals, books, magazines and many more. The reason we choose observation method is because it is an important research tool in which it allows us to observe other people in a natural setting or in a more artificial experimental situation. Moreover, by using observation method we can collect and gather data in natural settings concerning what is really going on in a real-life situation. The most important of conducting observation is it provides researchers with an understanding about the perceptions about things or people we observe. However, since observation deals with someone’s perception, we plan to avoid preconceptions since it would provide this research with some bias. Observation method we employ in this paper is non-participant observation. The reason we choose non-participant observation method is because this method allows us to observe people or organization in a natural setting or in a more artificial experimental situation. The method does not involve direct interviews which will slightly reduce objectivity and the accuracy of information. We are retrieving more reliable data from experts’ analysis, journals and various publications from available media. Using the data resources above, we are hoping to present an independent and objective analysis toward the contemporary issue. Furthermore, based on the non-participative observation method, we analyze three elements of hospitality industry especially related to accommodation: Revenue per Available Room (RevPAR), Rooms Supply, and Rooms Demand. The data used in the figure are composing 11 year span consisting the five years before and after the events. Conducting research about the impact of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games on the economy of Vancouver, first of all, it should follow the aims and objectives of topic as provided in the section above. This investigation will evaluate three key implications of conducting the 2010 Winter Olympics Games by mixing the economics and potential benefits that hospitality industry might obtain during the Games. All of them, however, will impact toward the long term economy growth in the study. The result of non-participant observation is not only the benefits that hospitality industry in Vancouver obtain but also perils of the shifting budget allocation from public services to the development of facilities to support the Games. The three implications that we conduct and explore in this paper are as following: 1. Attractiveness. We provide the findings whether the Olympic Games are attractive from a financial point of view like the euphoria of the sport supporters might be. In this manner, we will assess a substantial net cost to the public treasury that the British Columbia’s government should spending 2. Estimated economic impact. We provide justification on whether the British Columbia’s Government should decide to become the host in the 2010 Winter Olympic Games based in the estimated economic impacts. In this manner, like common evaluation of economy growth, we will provide assessment of the Games’ impact on the province where unemployment is high and see whether it is true that the Games will provide long-term additional employment opportunities. Or else the Games only provide temporary solution for high unemployment rate in the British Columbia and thus the effective subsidy per job would be very high 3. Supporting Justification. While the first two assessments are likely to provide the negative feedback for the British Columbia government in becoming the host of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, this third evaluation is likely to provide potential justification, i. e. several benefits, for Columbians to become the hosts and spectators of the Games and users of the facilities they provide. However, this evaluation will answer whether the value of those benefits outweighs the cost and risks the Olympic Games provide. In other words, it means that government of British Columbia should decide and consider whether these Games’ benefits are higher priority than the government services or investment that would be displaced, or disposable income that would have to be taxed to pay the net cost of the Games. The method does not involve direct interviews which will slightly reduce objectivity and the accuracy of information. We are retrieving more reliable data from experts’ analysis, journals and various publications from available media. Using the data resources above, we are hoping to present an independent and objective analysis toward the contemporary issue. Therefore, only quantitative approach is not enough to provide comprehensive solution on the impact of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games on the economy of Vancouver. This is because this observation is limited in its scope. This is due to like other observation-type research paper; people would argue that the findings and claims we made on the relation between security and e-commerce cannot be generalized to other contexts. Bibliography â€Å"International Hospitality Management† 2005.University of Brighton. Retrieved May 24, 2005 from http://www. bton. ac. uk/ssm/Courses/Undergraduate/N221info. shtml Case, Karl E. , and Ray C. Fair. Principles of Economics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999 â€Å"Olympic Costs and Benefits. † Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives BC Office. Retrieved May 24, 2005 from http://www. greenclub. bc. ca/English/Green_Club_Web/Participation_Record/Vancouver_Olympic/Costs_and_Benefits/costs_and_benefits. htm â€Å"Vancouver’s Lodging Industry: 2010 Olympic Impact. † Retrieved June 17, 2005 from http://www. hotel-online. com/News/PR2005_1st/Feb05_VancouverHost. html

Everyone should get check-ups regularly Essay Example for Free

Everyone should get check-ups regularly Essay Through time people have become more and more afraid of physicians. This results in fewer and fewer doctor or dentist visitations. This is not a good habit to fall into. Everyone should get regular doctor and dentist check-ups. The reason for this is to prevent loss of teeth, diseases, and many other things. Firstly, if you started to loose your teeth this would be a very unattractive thing. Many people try to pull this look off and they just cannot do it, very much like the mullet. Why not just go to the dentist every six months for a regular check-up and have your teeth cleaned, x-rayed, and examined so you do not have to have your food in smoothie form because you cannot chew your food with your two teeth. Some more motivation to go to the dentist might be that with those two teeth chilling with all those gums you do not have a very good chance getting a date, a girlfriend, or a wife, unless the girl you are seeing only has two teeth also, then in that case it is all good. Secondly, you should not just wait until you get sick to go to the doctor. You should go at least once a year for a full physical and check-up. Many people let it go until it is too late. This is the case for many things like heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, lung disease, glaucoma, macro-degeneration, and cancer. These are diseases that cannot be let go, and if let go, could cause death, blindness, or other more severe diseases. Many of these diseases can be eliminated or slowed down if caught at an early stage and may save or extend your life just by getting regular check-ups and physicals. Thirdly, men and women should both go and see their respective genital doctor. Many lives could be saved every year if men and women alike would go get these check-ups to avoid getting testicular cancer, which is becoming more and more prevalent, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, which men can even get, and other diseases which are tied together with peoples private parts. No one should be ashamed or scared to go and see these doctors; no one  should ever be ashamed or scared to try to keep and maintain him or her a healthy body and lifestyle. In conclusion, everybody, grab your wallets, HMO cards, blue cross ? blue shield cards, and head to your nearest dentist or doctor to get your check-ups and physicals. You do not have to hardly anything but sit there and smile. So, open your mouth, stick out your tongue, bite down on this, lift your arms over your head, turn your head and cough, lift up your shirt, drop your drawers, touch you toes, look into the light, and brace yourself Ethel cause that stethoscope is kind of cold. And please do not forget to brush your teeth and before you go to any of these places because dentists and doctors like to see you but do they really need to smell you as well?

Burgess and Martin Dehydrating Reagents

Burgess and Martin Dehydrating Reagents An understanding of synthetically useful dehydrating reagents for the reduction of hydroxyl groups, various functional group interconversions and other synthetically useful operations. Oday Alrifai Dehydration of alcohols has been a synthetically useful strategy in order to attain olefins in high yields through the treatment of secondary, tertiary and homoallylic alcohols. Martin sulfurane and Burgess dehydrating reagents have been useful because of their mild and selective properties on alcohol containing species. [1] Both reagents have made a significant contribution in industrial and academic applications, aiding in the synthesis of natural products and drugs. The Burgess Reagent, known as Methyl-N-(triethylammoniumsulphonyl)carbamate (Figure 1), is an interesting reagent assisting formations of 5-membered heterocycles, initially derived from the acyclic precursor by dehydrative treatment. [1] It was first discovered by Edward Meredith Burgess in 1968, but was not given much attention until Peter Wipf proposed the idea of heterocyclic formation. Further research on this reagent, such as the preparation of isocyanides and nitrile oxides from formamides and nitroalkanes, respe ctively, have been investigated. [1] Figure 1. Structure of Methyl-N-(triethylammoniumsulphonyl)carbamate, also known as Burgess’s dehydrating reagent. [1] Similar to the Burgess reagent, Martin reagent (or Martin sulfurane) is another dehydrating reagent possessing high reactivity to allow the production of alkenes, with diphenyl sulfoxide and a alcohol as minor products, occurring fast (approximately one hour) and at below room temperatures. [2] It was James C. Martin who discovered this stable, moisture sensitive sulfurane, also known as bis(ÃŽ ±,ÃŽ ±-bis[trifluoromethyl]benzyloxy)diphenyl sulfur (Figure 2), in 1971. [2][3] Similar to the Burgess reagent, the mechanistic action may be similar, via E1 and/or E2 (or cis) elimination, in order for the treatment of secondary and primary alcohols, respectively. [3] Also similar, cyclic heteroatoms have been more favorable in synthesis, due to carbenium ion rearrangement, via alcoholic dehydration. [3] Figure 2. Structure of bis(ÃŽ ±,ÃŽ ±-bis[trifluoromethyl]benzyloxy)diphenyl sulfur, also known as Martin’s sulfurane or Martin’s dehydrating reagent. [10] Preparation of the Burgess reagent requires the incorporation of two commercially available chemicals, chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and trieethylamine (TEA), and ceases in two steps. Figure 3 illustrates the treatment of CSI with anhydrous methanol and dry benzene at temperatures ranging from 25-30 °C, for approximately half-hour. This fairly quick reaction gives good yields (88-92%) of methyl (chlorosulfonyl) carbamate (MCC) which exists as white crystals when filtered and washed with hexanes. The generated MCC is then treated with a solution of TEA in anhydrous benzene, at temperatures ranging from 10-15 °C, over the course of one hour. The generated salt, Methyl-N-(triethylammoniumsulphonyl)carbamate, precipitates into colorless needles (84-86% yield). [1] Figure 3. Preparation of the inner salt (Burgess reagent) from two commercially available compounds, trieethylamine and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. A special type of elimination reaction is believed to occur during the period the Burgess reagent is operational. The simultaneous elimination of two vicinal substituents, forming an alkene framework from an alkane, is the route of an intramolecular (Ei) mechanism or a syn elimination. The mechanistic action taken by the Burgess reagent, illustrated in Figure 4, will first produce a sulfamate ester by the attack of the sulfonyl group as well as the rapid displacement of the TEA group, by oxygen’s lone pair in methanol (pka=15.5). [1][4] By heating the sulfamate ester, pyrolysis is initiated, the ÃŽ ±-carbon is ionized and bears an ion that rapidly transfers the ÃŽ ²-hydrogen from the cationic to the anionic state. [1] Figure 4. Mechanism illustrating treatment of Burgess reagent with ethanol, allowing the extraction of the ÃŽ ²-hydrogen and formation of the olefin. In general, the extraction of the proton and the expulsion of the leaving group will generate the expected olefin, shown in Figure 5. The production of the olefin depends on the geometry of the molecule, therefore the hydrogen must be present in the syn conformation to the leaving group (TEA) in order for the reaction to proceed. In addition, the leaving group has nucleophilic properties that will allow the proton to be extracted readily in low polarity solvents. It also should bear multiple proton acceptor sites to permit favorable proton capture. [1] It is possible however that the cis elimination not be observed due to carbonium ion stability, which is stabilized by substituents, and/or a more stable configuration by means of rearrangement. [1] Figure 5. Example of a syn elimination, where the proton adjacent to the carbon bearing the reagent is removed and the deuterium remains a substituent with the olefin formation. Pertaining to Figure 5, the type of alcohol group (secondary, tertiary and homoallylic), the configuration and the environment are the main factors that affect the process of the reaction. The dehydration of a secondary or tertiary alcohol, in an aprotic solvent, follows Saytzef’s rule to form a more thermodynamically stable alkene, versus the kinetic product. Oppositely, primary alcohols (Figure 5i) will not yield the expected olefins; rather carbamates via an SN2 pathway as they are energetically more favorable. Steric hindrance is another important factor when treating with the Burgess Reagent.[1] Such an example holds true in primary sulfamate esters where intramolecular rearrangement occurs when temperatures increase due to the restrictions on bimolecular displacement (Figure 5ii). Depending on the conditions of the reaction, such as solvent polarity and temperature, allylic alcohols can either undergo elimination or SN1 rearrangement (Figure 5iii), with more favorable ap proaches of SN1 reactions providing greater than 90% yields. The same is applicable for tertiary alcohols where they can be subjected to rearrangement even though, under normal conditions, undergo dehydration. [1] Figure 6. Examples illustrating i) primary alcohols will not undergo olefin formation, rather producing a carbamate via SN2, ii) sterically hindered compounds can proceed with the formation of a thermodynamic product (Saytzef’s rule) and iii) allylic alcohol dehydration via elimination or SN1. [1] Functional group interconversions (FGI) can aid in many useful syntheses to design versatile compounds. With the assistance of Burgess’s reagent, high yields have been obtained through the transformation of formamides to isocyanides, nitrile oxides from nitroalkanes and nitriles from primary amides, for example. To stimulate the formation of nitriles from primary amides, the Burgess reagent is often employed instead of other reagents. [1] The problem arises when particular reagents come in contact with certain functional groups, requiring protecting groups or alternative multi-step syntheses to carry out the production. Burgess reagent is employed due to its chemoselective properties and its ability to form the intermediate in a fast(er) manner. As a result of this quick reaction, the product is kinetically more favored. [1] Figure 7 illustrates the interconversion of an amide to allow the Burgess reagent to proceed with dehydrative activities, thus yielding isocyanide with re arrangement. Figure 7. To allow dehydration of the alcohol, an amide undergoes interconversion to allow the Burgess reagent to proceed, forming isocyanide. Knowing the environment the alcohol group is in and how its configuration can be altered, the synthesis of natural products in industry, by usage of this reagent, has been of great synthetic value. For example, dihydrooxazoles are important heterocyclic-containing intermediates used in the synthesis of many biologically active natural products. Initially, these compounds have required an extensive multi-step synthesis for their preparation and previous attempts to cyclize have provided low product yields (25%) and an abundance of recovered starting material. [5] Wipf and Miller investigated more efficient protocols that would obtain better yields of the ÃŽ ²-sulfonate derivatives (Figure 8) of threonine and serine via a more selective intramolecular substitution. Treating the hydroxyl amino acid precursors, threonine and serine, with the reagent allowed the production of dihydrooxazoles because of their high reactivity to stimulate intramolecular cyclization. [5] Unlike other reagent s removing hydroxyl substituents, Burgess reagent allows stereospecific production of dihydrooxazoles without the formation of minor products like azirdine or ÃŽ ²-lactam. [5] Figure 8. Formation of the olefin, via dehydration, and proceeding with intramolecular cyclization to form the 5-membered ring. A paper by Rigby et al. investigated phenanthridone alkaloids originating from the narciclasine family and their anti-tumor properties. The synthesis of (+)-lycoricidine involved the use of the Burgess reagent in order to selectively deprotect the hydroxyl group and to promote cis elimination. [1][6] When dehydrated into an olefin, the compound can exhibit antimitotic activity, which in turn can elicit cytotoxic activities involved in the inhibition of plant growth and regulation, for example. [7] Chida et al. reported that synthetic (+)-lycoricidine exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, suggesting stereochemistry was a responsible and an important component for the elevated cytotoxicity. [7] Other synthetically useful examples of products that are of value are medicinal drugs such as Efrotomycin, which is a new class of antibiotics eliciting anti-bacterial properties that act on gram-positive bacteria, [8] and Pravastatin, which is involved in the management of atherosclerosis and is a regulator of blood lipid levels. [9] Burgess reagent is either involved in the final step in order to form the olefin or participates in a one or two-step synthesis for the production of the precursor. Other uses of the Burgess reagent have been investigated by Canadian researchers at Brock University by designing thermally stable versions of the Burgess reagent with an objective to improve reactivity on epoxides, diols and vinyl oxiranes in comparison to the original reagent. [17] They tested the reactivity of the Burgess reagent with oxiranes, both in cyclic and acyclic conformations, providing low yields of sulfamidates. Also, epoxidation reactions, which required two equivalents of the Burgess reagent, provided cis-sulfamidates at low yields. [17] Since yields were not above their expected 40%, new derivatives created by Metcalf et al. allowed for anion or cation stability in the zwitterion. They tested thermal stability by monitoring the decomposition, in THF-d8 at 50 °C, of four new versions of the Burgess reagent showing stability and reactivity of the original reagent can be improved by inductive components of the zwitterion. [17] The inductive effects depress the nucleop hilicity of the carbamate anion, reducing formation of the sulfamidates and favouring diamine formation. This allows for the Burgess reagent to be synthetically useful in work other than dehydrative operations. [17] Figure 9 illustrates the conversion of a styrene diol to the diamine compound by treating with the modified Burgess reagent 1. Figure 9. Treatment of the modified Burgess reagent 1 with styrene diol, yielding a diamine compound to demonstrate other uses for this reagent. Martin sulfurane not only participates in dehydrative reactions but also in several other synthetically useful reactions, such as the production of sulfinimines, epoxidation reactions, cleavage of amides and oxidation. [12] Preparation of the diphenylsulfur compound incorporates commercially available 2-phenyl-2-propanol, using potassium hydroxide as the deprotonating agent, bromine and diphenylsulfide. [12] Stereospecificity of a molecule, as a reactant or product, is important in order to carry out biological functions. Under certain conditions, such as varying solvent polarities and reaction temperatures, Martin sulfurane induces stereospecific dehydration that allows for the formation of certain isomers. (E)-isomerism in certain products exists because of trans-E2 eliminations, whereas the (Z)-isomer is more favored due to the attachment of the sulfurane in the antiperiplanar conformation for the E2 elimination. [2] The mechanistic action first involves the exchange of the alkoxy ligand on either side the sulfurane, producing an alkoxysulfonium ion as a result of ionization and then proceeding through E1 or E2 elimination. [12] Illustrated in Figure 10, using tertiary-butyl alcohol as an example, Arhart and Martin suggest that all alcohols used in their experimental appeared to exchange rapidly with the alkoxy ligands of the Martin reagent. The cause of this is not definite but it wa s proposed that a dissociative mechanism was carried out. [10][11] Figure 10. The proposed mechanism illustrating the production of the expected olefin by means of dehydration when Martin sulfurane is used. Similar to the Burgess reagent, dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols yield the expected olefin but treatment of primary alcohols, such as ethanol and neopentyl alcohols with Martin reagent, favors the formation of unsymmetrical ethers due to the absence of structural features that aid in the elevation of ÃŽ ²-proton acidity. [10][11] Wensley et al. reported that treatment of a secondary alcohol with Martin sulfurane can lead to the production of a ketone by oxidation, in addition to the predicted olefin containing compound during the synthesis of their natural product containing a spiroketal enol ether. They proposed that the intermediate, containing the alkoxysulfonium ion, had proceeded forward via two possible routes, one of which was the deprotontation of the ÃŽ ²-proton allowing the olefin (or enol ether) formation and/or the other resulting in oxidation through intermolecular deprotonation by the excess –ORf (Rf = C6H5C(CF3)2 . [13] A paper written by Moslin and Jamison investigated the synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin, a natural metabolite found in blue-green algae, exhibiting effective antineoplastic activity against Lewis lung carcinoma and a potent cytotoxic agent against KB and N1H/3T3 cell lines. [14] The synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin underwent intermolecular condensation, through application of the Reformatsky reaction, affording a ÃŽ ²-hydroxy ketone followed by dehydration with the Martin sulfurane. [14] Prior to treatment with Martin sulfurane, samarium (II) iodide (SmI2 or Kagan’s reagent) was used to carry out the intramolecular Reformatsky reaction. [14] SmI2 has its limitations when intermolecular rearrangements occur because of side reaction formation and and oxidative dimerization of the enolate by the samarium therefore when coupled with Martin sulfurane, a 2-step sequence was carried forward to overcome sterically hindered structures (Figure 11). [12][14] Figure 11. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimers are caused by the degradation of the nerve growth factor (NGF) in the neurotrophin family of proteins. Therapeutic potential of NGFs have been extensively studied for the prevention, slow progression and even the reversal of these disorders. [15][16] Trzoss et al. have investigated other therapeutic strategies by synthetically mimicking neurotrophins in order to allow their biosynthesis. [16] The enantioselective synthesis of (-)-jiadifenin was carried forward with the assistance of Martin sulfurane. Trzoss et al. were unsuccessful when trying to eliminate the secondary alcohol via Barton-McCombie deoxygenation as well as mesylation and treatment with a variety of bases in order to obtain the desired alkene. When treated with Martin sulfurane, the olefin was obtained and was selectively hydrogenated, obtaining a 72% yield in two steps. [16] Geng and Danishefsky recently synthesized the macrolide aigiolamycin D, via Diels-Alder, using disiloxydiene and a 14-membered dienophile also known as the ynolide (or dienophile).[18] Having two or more of the same functional groups within a system can be difficult when trying to selectively treat one of the targets. Protecting groups are important in unsymmetrical synthesis, in comparison with symmetrical molecules which are chemically equivalent and protecting either side (with functional groups) is simple. Greg and Danishefsky proceeded to protect the diol group to allow the loner –OH unit to participate in the upcoming sequences. The loner –OH was protected via a silyl ether to allow the deprotection of the pivaloyl ester and formation of the –OH group. This –OH group can then be treated with Martin sulfurane, in methylene chloride solution, to form the resulting olefin and then deprotection (or conversion) of the dioxylane to the diol. [18] REFERENCES Khapli, S.; Dey, S.; Mal, D. J. Indian Inst. Sci. 2001, 81, 461-476. Li, J.J; Corey, E.J. Name Reactions of Functional Group Transformations. 2007 (Wiley) Meth-Cohn, R.K. Synthesis: Carbon with No Attached Heteroatoms. 2003 (Elsevier) Ballinger, P.; Long, F.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 795-798. Wipf, P.; Miller, C.P. Tetrahedron Letters. 1992, 33, 907-910. Rigby, J.H.; Maharoof, U.S.M.; Mateo, M.E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6224-6228. Chida, N.; Ohtsuka, M.; Ogawa, S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 4441-4447. Dolle, R.E.; Nicolaou, K.C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1691-1694. Daniewski, A.; Wovkulich, P.M.; UskokoviĆ¡. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7133-7139. Arhart, R.J.; Martin, J.C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 5003-5010 Li, J.J. Name Reactions. 2014 (Springer) Pooppanal, S.S. Synlett. 2009, 5, 850-851. Wensley, A. M.; Hardy, A.O.; Gonsalves, K.M.; Koviach, J.L. Tetrahedron Letters. 2007, 48, 2431-2434. Moslin, R.M.; Jamison, T.F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 15106-15107. Price, R.D.; Milne, S.A.; Sharkey, J.; Matsuoka. Pharmacology Therapeutics. 2007, 115, 292-306. Trzoss, L.; Xu, J.; Lacoske, M.H.; Mobley, W.C.; Theodorakis, E.A. Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 4554-4557. Metcalf, T.A.; Simionescu, R; Hudlicky, T. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 3447-3450. Geng, X.; Danishefsky, S.J. Org. Letters. 2004, 6, 413-416.

Symbolism in The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov Essay -- Papers Cherr

Symbolism in The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov Mamma! Are you crying, mamma? My dear, good, sweet mamma! Darling, I love you! I bless you! The Cherry orchard is sold; it?s gone; its quite true, it?s quite true. But don?t cry, mamma, you?ve still got life before you, you?ve still got your pure and lovely soul. Come with me, darling, and come away from here. We?ll plant a new garden, still lovelier than this. You will see it and understand, and happiness, deep, tranquil happiness will sink down on your soul, like the sun at eventide, and you?ll smile, mamma. Come, darling, come with me! The Cherry Orchard has been acclaimed as one of the greatest theatrical experiences of all time. It is clearly seen through the use of the more subtle, submerged, and persuasive techniques that he uses in writing this, his most famous play. The Cherry Orchard is important for three reasons: First, for its intrinsic textual richness, linguistic power and subtlety as a piece of dramatic prose; second, because of its crucial position in Russian cultural history as the culmination of all ?realist? nineteenth-century fiction and as the first classic of a new, arguably ?symbolist? or ?absurd? literature; third, because of its seminal role in the evolution of Twentieth-Century theater. The plot structure in The Cherry Orchard is not as meaningful as the impact of events on the inner sensibilities of the characters. Chekhov divides his characters in The Cherry Orchard in a variety of ways so that the orchard and its sale take on different meaning for each of them. It is necessary then to examine the loss of the cherry through some of the major character; Yermolai Alexeyitch Lopakhin, Peter Trophimot, and Madame Ranevsky. When writing TCO he us... ...and repression; by Lopakhin, the business man and spokesman for hard economic facts, the one who thinks of it primarily as a means to a wiser investment, and by Madame Ranvesky, who sees in it her childhood happiness; it is seen from these characters that are woven by their brilliant selection. Thus, The Cherry Orchard is simplistic, yet complicated at the same time. It has poetic strength and is naturalistically composed, which makes it all the more controversial. The interweaving in the play, the relationships between one generation and another, between the sexes, and ranking of different social classes add to The Cherry Orchard?s interesting balance. It is not hard for one to see why The Cherry Orchard is considered to be Anton Chekhov?s greatest work, and why it shall remain a classic for many years to come.

The Fight for Womens Rights After the Vote was Gained Essay example --

The Fight for Women's Rights After the Vote was Gained By 1925, both feminist socialists and equal rights feminists believed they had won their battles for women's rights because they had gained the vote. Considering developments in the 20th century, how justified were those beliefs? Winning the vote for women was only the beginning, so those who thought that was the end of the fight had a big surprise coming. The vote was to be for women an instrument to achieve equality. In order for this to happen women had to stick together and only voted for candidates that would work on some of their demands. Even though, it was legal for women to vote, it was still not socially acceptable, so most women who did where considered social outcasts. Due to this accurate position, a great deal of women chose not to vote, and most of those who did vote, did so the same way their husbands or fathers did. Because of that, women as a group where nothing to fear, since they would not cause a shift in the polls, so political candidates ignored women's demands. This fact proved that the fight...

Chemistry Sodium Thiosulpahte :: essays research papers

Introduction Over the next few weeks I will be doing several attempts of the same experiment that involves the reaction of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid, I will be closely watching the reaction and how long in takes for the reactants to react. As yet I have not decided which of the several variables I will be changing. I also aim to take results of the reaction down onto a table, which then will be transferred onto a line graph, which will show us the nature of the reaction. Variables There are five factors which affect the rate of a reaction, according to the collision theory: temperature, concentration (of solution), pressure (in gases), surface are (of solid reactants), and catalysts. I have chosen to investigate the effect of temperature on the reactants. Aim To see the effects of a change in temperature and concentration we affect the rate of the reaction. The reaction that will be used is: Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric Acid Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq). Plan I am going to investigate what happens when sodium thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid react. As I have done this experiment before I have a good understanding of what I need to so hopefully nothing will go wrong, also I will be going back to results and information I used before the experiment to make sure I am doing everything right. As I want to have a fair test, so that I get accurate results, I will make sure that all the main variables will stay the same all the way through the experiment, concentration of both solutions will be kept constant, as there is no gas the variable of pressure wont have an affect on this reaction, as I am using no solids the variable of suface area wont be a problem, and finally as I am not using a catalyst it wont have an effect on the reaction. As well as these things being important there is a more important aspect that I will need to take into account and that is my own safety, and the safety of my fellow pupils. To make sure I don’t endanger myself I will be using the following apparatus: 1 thermometer 1 beaker 2 measuring cylinders 1 conical flask 1 tripod 1 gauze 1 heatproof mat 1 stopwatch 1 Bunsen burner 1 pair of tongs 1 pair of goggles To make it easy to follow when drawing graphs and when logging my data I will be using a table similar to this:

Physics Investigatory Project Essay

-catch the attention, concise, accurate, and descriptive. -the phrase â€Å"A Study to Show† should be avoided, because in research you do not seek to prove something, but rather to find an answer B. Abstract -gives the essential or principal features of the project of the study -summary of the study which includes the objectives, procedures, and the result of the study CHAPTER 1 C. Introduction -presents the reasons that led the investigator to launch the study -a historical background maybe given -may state some observations and relevant conditions that prompted the investigator to launch the study. D. Statement of the Problem -the nature and scope of the problem should be presented with clarity. 1) General Objective- this is related to the problem as given in the early part 2) Specific Objective- this states the purpose of each experiment conducted E. Significance of the study -the importance of the study is explained in this part. -indicate the groups that will benefit on your study F. Scope and Limitations -states the coverage and extent of the study -states the focus of the study -states the samples and sampling techniques (e.g. this study is conducted in LCC-C with 30 respondents coming from fourth year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the researchers used questionnaires†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..) CHAPTER 2 G. Review of Related Literature -sufficient background information should be presented for readers to understand and evaluate the results of the present study and theories written on the topic should be included. -includes local and foreign related studies -note: do not just copy and paste the articles or any other related research on this part. The researchers should rephrase some statements to make it their own. -Use APA style in citing your references CHAPTER 3 H. Methodology –provides enough details so that a competent worker can repeat the experiments. -includes materials and general procedures. -materials and procedures should be supported by pictures CHAPTER IV I. Results and Discussion 1. Findings- the data may be presented in full and discussed descriptively in text or these maybe summarized by tables, pictures, and graphs 2. Analysis of Data- the interpretation of the findings are discussed and the significant features shown in the tables, figures or paragraphs are pointed out. 3. Conclusions- the general truth implied or illustrated by the results should be clearly stated. The evidence based on the results should be summarized for each statement. 4. Recommendations- consists of suggestions on future actions such as a new direction of research or further experiments to be performed, practices that might be adapted or discarded in order to attain certain goals or objectives. CHAPTER V- Bibliography